Jack
You can get a slight idea from the next track icon, a track with high overtaking opportunities will generally favour acceleration. At tracks with especially high fuel and tyre wear then good FE and TE can really work well. Apart from those small hints it's about knowing the nature of all the circuits. Bumpy circuits will favour cars with good handling. I've only done 100 races but acceleration is the most important one most of the time, but you still want to have a balanced car
Guess what...
I've tested it and the Fuel Consumption bar is irrelevant. The fuel consumption per lap is entirely dependent on the length of the lap, so Belgium (Spa) has the highest consumption per lap and Monaco the lowest.
However, if you start thinking of fuel consumption in terms of MPG or litres/100km which will determine your fuel load (weight) it's different. This is dependent on a combination of the FE design attribute and the Push Level during the race. So for any given FE value Monaco is one of the highest fuel consumption circuits (in winter it's PL5 on SS for the entire race) whereas Monza is one of the lowest (because you have to run at very low push level to prevent the tyres overheating). Totally opposite to what you would think.
So, having determined the fuel consumption bar is meaningless I wonder just how much value the other three have.